Art of wireless or space telegraphy.



No. 725,634. PATENTED APR. 14, 1903.

J. s. STONE. ART OF WIRELESS 0E SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

APPLIOATIN FILED JAN. 3, 1903.

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No.725 ,634. S PATENTED APR. 14, 1903.

J. s. STONE.

ART OF WIRELESS 0R SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

I APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 3, 1903. N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Yoooog.000000000070 00000.. 0000 No. 725,634. PATENTED APR. 14, 1903.

" J. s. STONE.

ART OF WIRELESS 0R SPACE TELEGRAPHY. I

APPLICATION TILED JAN. 3 1903. 7 N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETB-SHBET 4.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JOHN STONE STONE, OEOAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO STONETELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE.

ART OF WIRELESS OR SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 725,634, dated April14, 1903. Application filed January 3, 1903. Serial No. 137,707. (Nomodel.)

i all whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN STONE STONE, of Cambridge, in the county ofMiddlesexand State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Art of Wireless or Space Telegraphy, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of Wireless or space telegraphy, andmore particularly to no that form of space telegraphy in which thesignals are transmitted by means of electromagnetic Waves in the form ofradiant energy", guided only by the surface of the earth or water overwhich they travel and in which the electric force is normal tothesurface of the earth while the magnetic force is parallel to thesurface of the earth.

Myinvention still more particularly relates to selective and multiplespace-telegraph sys- 2o tems in which the signals to be selectively orseparately received are transmitted by means of simple harmonic waveswhich are differentiated from one another by their frequencies,times ofvibration, or pitch and in which the reception of the energy of thosewaves of diiferent frequencies each in a separate electric translatingdevice is effected by resonant circuits each attuned to the frequency ofthe particular waves the energy of which it is in- 0 tended to receive.

Electromagnetic waves in which the electric force is normal to theearths surface and in which the magnetic force is parallel to the earthssurface are best radiated from a con- 5 ductor normal to the earthssurface and are best received upon a conductor also normal to the earthssurface, these being facts well understood by those most skilled in theart of Wireless telegraphy to-day; but I have 40 found that in order toproduce simple harmonic waves it is highly desirable and, indeed,probably necessary to develop the waves by producing forced simpleharmonic electric vibrations in the radiating-conductor 5 and that inorder to receive the energy of simple harmonic waves of one frequency ina particular translating device to the exclusion of the energy of likewaves of different frequency it is necessary to associate with the soreceiving-conductor a resonant circuit or resonant circuits attuned'tothe particular frequency of the waves the energy of which is to beabsorbed.

A method and apparatus for developing simple harmonic electromagneticwaves of de- 5 5 sired frequency by producing forced simple harmonicelectric vibrations in a radiatingconductor have been fully set forth byme in two Letters Patent, Nos. 714,756 and 714,831, dated December 2,1902, and a method of and apparatus for receiving the energy of simpleharmonic waves of one frequency to the exclusion of the energy of likeWaves of diflr'erent frequency are likewise set forth in said LettersPatent. In them is set forth a systom of selective and multipletelegraphy in which the signals to be separately received aretransmitted by means of simple harmonic waves which are differentiatedfrom one another by their frequencies and in which the reception of theenergy of these waves of different frequencies each in a separateelectric translating device is effected by resonant circuits eachattuned to the frequency of the particular waves the energy of which itis intended to receive.

The principal objects of the present invention may be realized with theapparatus described in said Letters Patent. For this reason nodiscussion of the methods and appa- 8o ratus required to successfullyaccomplish the hereinbefore-mentioned selective and multiple spacetelegraphy need be'given in the present specification, since referencemay be had to the specifications of said Letters Patout.

The object of the present invention is, first, to make it practicallyimpossible for an operator at a wireless or space telegraph station toreceive intelligibly a message not intended for his station, and,second, to make it practically impossible for an operator at a wirelessor space telegraph station to confuse or render unintelligible a messagepassing between two other stations. To accomplish 5 these results, Icause the message to be sent by two or more separate groups or trains ofsimple harmonic waves, the waves of each group having a frequencydifferent from that of the waves of the other group or groups, no

and I' may employ in conjunction with these groups of waves other groupsof waves, which I may call blind groups, which are not received and arenot intended to be received at the station to which the message is sent.The groups of signal-waves may be transmitted wholly or in partsimultaneously or may be transmitted successively, so that definitesignals may require for their intelligible reception either thewholly-simultaneous or partially-simultaneous or the successivereception of the waves of different frequency.

Aclear understanding of the invention Will be had by having reference tothe drawings which accompanyand form a partof the present specification.These drawings, however, show diagrammatically only simple forms ofcircuit arrangements by which my invention may be carried into effect,the invention being broader than the mere apparatus and being of such'acharacter as to be capable of practical embodiment in a great variety ofways.

Figure 1 illustrates apparatus adapted to respond to signal-waves of twofrequencies, which may be called X and Y, simultaneously received, butnot to signal-waves of either of these frequencies separately received.Fig. 3 illustrates apparatus adapted to respond to signal-waves of twodilferent frequencies X and Y, such response beginning when the waves offrequencyX overlap those of frequency Y and continuing afterward whilethose of the Y frequency persist, those of the X frequency havingmeanwhile ceased. Fig. 5 illustrates apparatus adapted to respond tosignal-waves of two different frequencies-say X and Y-the response notbeginning, however, until after the Waves of frequency X have acted uponthe receivingstation and have ceased after waves of Y frequency havebegun and the intelligible response continuing thereafter until thewaves of Y frequency cease or until the waves of frequencyX again'beginto act. Fig. 7 illustrates apparatus adapted to respond to signal wavesof three different frequencies X, Y, and Z, X and Y being related as inFig. 3 and their operativeresultant and the Z frequencies being relatedto the resultant as X is related to Y in Fig. 5. Figs. 2, 4, 6, and 8are illustrative diagrams, each showing the relations of the Waves ofdifferent frequencies to each other and to the resultant signals asreceived by the circuits of the figure which precedes it. Fig. 9 is adiagram-illustrating the manner of associating the system shown in Fig.1 with the receiving system of my Letters Patent No. 714,756. In thefigure, V V are vertical wires, M M transformers, O C 0 O, condensers, LL inductance-coils, K K coherers or other receiving devices, B Bbatteries, and R R relays. The wires V V may both be supported by thesame pole, or a single vertical wire may be employed, as in Figs. 14-,15, and 17 of Patent No. 714,756.

The manner of associating the systems illustrated in Figs. 3, 5, and 7is substantially identical with the manner of associating the systemshown in Fig. 1 with the receiving system.

In the drawings, 13 B 850., indicate batteries.

7c k are contacts which are closed by the passage of groups of waves ofthe character referred to.

R B &c., are relays each controlling a circuit-closing armature. r

r 1' 850., indicate resistances in the circuit..

8' 3 &c., are the points with which the armatures controlled by relays RR 850., make connection.

S in Figs. 2, 4, 6, and 8 indicates the signals received by thetranslating instrument T and which are made up by currents of differentfrequencies .X and Y or by their resultant S and a current ofa thirdfrequency Z.

The numerals refer to the various circuits.

I will proceed nowto describe more in detail the apparatus shown in eachfigure, its mode of operation, and the result.

Referring first to Fig. 1, it .70 are contacts in circuits 1 and 2,respectively, adapted to be closed, respectively, by the passage oftrains or groups of simple harmonic waves of difierent frequencies-say Xand Y, respectively. The circuit 1 includes the batteryB and relay R,and the circuit 2 includes'the battery 13 and relay R The relays R and Rwhen energized operate, respectively, upon their armatures to close thecontacts 8' and s in the circuit 3, which includes the battery B andsounder or other appropriate translating device T. It willbe seen oninspection that the circuit 3 is not closed, and hence the translatingdevice T cannot operate unless both contacts 5 s are closed. Henceeither the contact Z0 or contact is may be closed without causing theclosing of the circuit 3, and hence without operatingthe translatingdevice T. It is only when these contacts are closed simultaneously thatthere is any resulting signal. This is indicated in Fig. 2, where theline of dots X is representative of the efiect of the current offrequency X and Y is representative of the effect of the current offrequency Y. Here it will be seen that only where the representations ofcurrents X and Y overlap is the signal S produced.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 we have circuits 1 and 2 identical incharacter with circuits 1 and 2 in Fig. 1, and we have areceiving-circuit 3 corresponding generally with circuit 3 in Fig. 1,but having in addition a relay R adapted to attract an armature which isin a shunt-circuit 4 around the battery B and relay R of circuit 1 andclose contact 8 completing the shunt-circuit. After the contact s hasbeen made this shunt-circuit 4 is effective to continue the energizationof the relay R when the contact 70 has been broken,

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and so maintain the contact at s in circuit 3,- accomplishingthis bymeans of the battery B and relay R, which then become part of' contacts7t and k but'in this case if contact 70 is broken thereafter it does notcause the.

breaking of any contact in receiving-circuit 3 until contact 70 is alsobroken, because the contact .9, which is in the first instance made bycurrent in circuit-1, is maintained by the existence of circuit 4 untilsuch timeas the contact is broken at 70 when contact breaks at and hencerelay R becomes dead, causing the breaking of contact at and hencecontact at 3', through the demagnetizing of relay R. The relations ofthe several currents in this case are indicated in Fig. 4, from which itwill be seen that the signals represented at S are caused by current Yafter the current X has closed contact 7;, after which current X maycease.

Referring now to Fig. 5, I show a method in whichthe signals to betranslated are caused by an apparatus which is set first by the passageof current X, then simultaneously therewith the passage of current Y,the actual signal, however, being givenonly by the current Y after thecurrent X has ceased, as is indicated in Fig. 6. In this case, asbefore, we have two circuits 1 and 2, each containing contacts 70 70adapted to be closed by currents X and Y, respectively, and we also havetranslator-circuit 3, containing the translating apparatus T and likethe modified form of the circuit 3 in Fig. 3. In this case also there isa shunt-circuit about the battery 13 and relay R, which as it differsfrom shunt tin Fig. 3 I will call circuit 14. This circuit includes abattery 13, more powerful than the battery B in circuit 1, and alsocontains a resistance 0' and a contact at s normally closed, thearmature closing it being under the influence of a relay R forming partof a circuit 7, to be described below. This circuit 14 is closed bycontact at 3 caused by an armature under the influence of relay R, andremains closed after the same armature has closed circuit 5, as belowdescribed. Turning to circuit 3, its contacts are at s and the contactat 5 being caused by the operation of an armature controlled by a relayR in circuit 5, which circuit contains also a battery B and is made bythe closing of contact 3 by the armature controlled by relay B, beingthe same armature which controls circuit 14, as above described, theclosing of circuit 5 taking place in the manner below described aftercircuit 1% has been closed and without breaking that circuit. Circuit 6is a shuntcircuit and is closed at s 'by the armature controlled byrelay R in circuit 3. This shunt-circuit contains abatteryB,more'powerful than the battery B in circuit 3, circuit 6 also containinga resistance 0". Another circuit 7, carrying the relay R ,'whichcontrols the contact 8 in circuit 14, is closed at s byafurther movementof the armature controlled by'relay R which makes this contact withoutbreaking circuit 6. In this case the passing of currents of X frequencycloses contact at which energizes relay R, and hence closes contact ats,closing circuitl t. When thereafter current of frequencyX ceases, so

that contact 70' is broken, theheavier battery B in the shunt-circuit 14energizes the relay B, so that it still further attracts its armatureand closes contact at 8 thus completing circuit 5, energizing relay Rand thus closing contact at s in circuit 3. This puts circuit 3 incondition to receive signals given by current of Y frequency through theoperation of contact k but, as will be understood, itis only aftercurrent of X frequency has ceased that this situation exists, andthereafter if while currents of Y frequency are closing contact 70currents of X frequency again pass the battery B in shunt-circuit 14 nolonger so energizesthe relay R that it holds the contact 5 but relievesit to the extent that the contact 8 is maintained, thus breaking circuit5. In a somewhat similar manner the apparatus is'cleared when current Yhas ceased by use of a shunt-circuit 6 and circuit 7, as follows Whencircuit 3 is completely closed, the relay B being energized causescontact 3 to be closed, thus closing the shuntcircuit 6; but when thecontact 70 is broken the more powerful battery B energizesrelay R sothat it attractsits armature still further and makes contact .97. Thuscircuit 7is closed and attracts its armature, which breaks contact atand hence clears the circuit. The signals in this case are indicated inFig. (3, where it will beseen that the signal itself is given by meansof current of Y frequency only when a current of X frequency haspreceded it and ceased.

In Fig. 7 we have a still further arrangements of circuits to .the sameend, operating by means of what may be termed compounding-signals,as-w'ill be understood from Fig. 8, where currents of X frequency areshown operating first'to enable currents of Y frequency to accomplishtheir work by energizing a suitable'relay which corrresponds with thetranslator T in Fig.3,the signal which ing parts which are taken fromFig. 5 areindicated by the prefix 5. To consider first the taken fromFig. 3, 31 and 32 are'circuits cor- I3o portion of the diagram of Fig.7which'is responding to circuits 1 and 2 in Fig. 3, circuit 33 being acircuit corresponding to the circuit 3, which in Fig. 3 contains thetranslator T, but which in this figure contains a relay T 34 being itsshunt-circuit. The portion of the circuits of'Fig. 7 taken from Fig.comprises the circuit 51, corresponding to the circuit 1 of Fig. 5, thecircuit 514-, correspondingto circuit 14 of Fig. 5, and circuits 55, 56,and 57 correspond to the various cir-' when the relay T is energizedandthat this takes place only under such circumstances as would energizethe translator T in Fig. 3. The translator T can of course only beenergized When circuit 53 is closed. The sequence of operations in thiscase comprises, first, the closing of contact by current X, then theclosing of 70 by current Y, so that both contacts 3 and s are closed,completing the circuit 33, the closing of circuit 33 through T alsocausing the closing'of the] contact .9 so that that thereafter the con-,The closing of circuit 33 causes the closing of} tact 70 maybe broken atany time.

contact 8 and of circuit 53 when contact 5- has been closed through thepassing of current of Z frequency by contact 70 In other words, in itsoperation the apparatus of Fig. 3 in this case is used not to operate atranslator, but instead to operate a relay to close' a translatorcircuit, and the translator is thereafter operated under preciselysimilar circumstances as the translator in Fig. 5.

The blind groups of waves hereinbefore mentioned may be transmitted inan irregular manner calculated to resemble the Waves of a real message,or, preferably, they may in whole or in part be utilized in transmittingthe same message in duplicate to a set of instruments-similar to thosedescribed above, but actuated by groups of waves of differentfrequencies. In this way may be frustrated any attempt to interfere withthe intelligible reception of the message by a device which will radiatewaves of any desired frequency and which may after the manner of a sirengive forth successively waves covering in frequency the entire range offrequencies employed in the transmission of the message.

In describing the diagrams shown in the drawings I do not mean to limitmyself to the apparatus therein shown or the methods described, as itwill be obvious to any one skilled in the art that my method may becarried out by other forms of circuits, which will readily suggestthemselves.

What I claim as my invention is 1. A method of receivingwireless-telegraph signals which consists in employing groups or trainsof simple harmonic electromagnetic waves of different frequencies tocooperate in affecting an electric translating device and therebyproducing intelligible signals as described. I

2. A method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals which consists inemploying groups or trains of simple harmonic electromagnetic waves ofdifferent frequencies to cooperate in afiecting an electric translatingdevice and thereby producing intelligible signals, and simultaneouslytransmitting another group or groups of such waves also of differentfrequencieswithout affecting said translating device.

3. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies, transmittedsimultaneously or otherwise, the groups or trains of electromagneticwaves of one frequency being of different length or duration from thelength or duration of a group or train of electromagnetic waves of adifferent frequency, and causing the several energies of the resultingelectric oscillations to cooperate in affecting an electric translatingdevice and thereby producing in-' telligible signals.

4. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies, transmittedsimultaneously or otherwise, the groups or trains of electromagneticwaves of one frequency being of different length or duration from thelength or dura- 'tion of a group or train of electromagnetic waves of adifferent frequency, and causing the several energies of the resultingelectric oscillations to cooperate in afiecting an electric translatingdevice and thereby producing intelligible signals, and simultaneouslytransmitting another group or train of electromagnetic waves, also ofdifferent frequency, without affecting the said translating device.

5. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies, transmitted atpredetermined intervals of time but coexisting throughout a definiteportion of'their durations, and producing by the cooperation of theenergies of the resulting electric oscillations, intelligible signalsduring the periods of time in which a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of difierent frequencies are coexistent and duringthose periods only.

6. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies, transmitted atpredetermined intervals of time but coexisting throughout a definiteportion of their durations, and efiecting the energization of anelectrical translating device by the cooperation of the energies of the7 resulting electric oscillations during the periods of time in whichthe several energies are coexistent, and during those periods only, andthereby producing intelligible signals.

7. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies and efiecting theenergization of an electric translating device by, and during thecontinuance of, the energy of the resulting electric oscillations of atrain of electromagnetic waves of one frequency, only after the energyof a train of electromagnetic Waves of another frequency has beenabsorbed, and independently of the continuance of the lastmentionedtrain of electromagnetic waves.

8. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies and producing by theenergies of the resulting electric oscillations intelligible signalsduring the periods of discontinuance of the trains of electromagneticwaves of one of the several frequencies.

9. The method of receiving wireless-tele-' graph signals, which consistsin absorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of difierent frequen-.

cies, causing the energy of the resulting oscillations of one group ortrain of electromagnetic waves of one frequency to put a receivingapparatus in condition for producing a signal and causing the energiesof the resulting electric oscillations of a plurality of groups ortrains of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies to cooperate tocomplete the actuation of the receiving apparatus by and upon thecessation of the first mentioned group or train of electromagneticwaves.

10. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals which consists inabsorbing the energies of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of different frequencies, causing the energies ofthe resulting electric oscillations of the said group or trains tocooperate to put a receiving apparatus in condition for producing asignal, absorbing the energy of a group or train of electromagneticwaves of a diflerent frequency and producing a signal by and upon thecessation of said last-mentioned group or train of electromagneticwaves.

11. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consislsin operating an electric translating device by the cooperation of aplurality of groups or trains of electromagnetic waves of difierentfrequencies, transmitted simultaneously or otherwise, the groups ortrains of electromagnetic waves of one frequency being of differentlengthor duration from the lengths or durations of the groups or trainsof electromagnetic waves of difierent frequencies, and thereby producingintelligible signals at a predetermined receiving-station only.

- 12. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals at apredetermined receivingstation only, which consists in absorbing theenergies of a train of electromagnetic waves of one frequency andcausing the energy of the resulting electric oscillations to effect achange in the condition of the receiving apparatus, then absorbing theenergy of a train of electromagnetic waves of a difierent frequency andcausing the energy of the resulting electric oscillations to effectanother change in the condition of the receiving apparatus, and finallyproducing a signal by causing the cessation of the first-mentioned trainof electromagnetic waves to effect a further change in the condition ofthe receiving apparatus.

13. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals at apredetermined receivingstation only, which consists in causing theenergization of an electric translating device during unequal periods oftime by the cooperation of a plurality of groups or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of difierent frequencies, the groups or trains ofwaves of one frequency all being of the same length or duration, but ofa different length or duration from that of the group or trains ofelectromagnetic waves of another frequency, and thereby producingsignals of different lengths or dura tions corresponding to theelements, dots and dashes of the Morse or other telegraphic code.

14. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals at apredetermined receivingstation only, which consists in absorbing theenergies of groups or trains of electromagnetic waves of difierentfrequencies, the groups or trains of electromagnetic waves of onefrequency being of difierent length or duration from the lengths ordurations of the groups or trains of electromagnetic waves of differentfrequencies and causing the energy of the resulting electricoscillations to effect, during the periods of their coexistence, theenergization of an electric translating device for periods of timecorresponding to the elements, dots and dashes, of the Morse or othertelegraphic code.

15. The method of receiving wireless-telegraph signals, which consistsin absorbing the energies of groups or trains of electromagnetic wavesof different frequencies all the groups or trains of the severalfrequencies being of equal length or duration, and causing the energy ofthe resulting electric oscillations, by their unequal periods ofcoexistence to efiect the production of signals of unequal lengths ortimes of duration corresponding to the elements,dots and dashes, of theMorse or other 0 suiting electric oscillations by their cooperation toeffect the production of signals of different lengths or durations fromthe lengths or durations of the said groups or trains of electromagneticwaves.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my (5 name this 23d day of December,1902.

JOHN STONE STONE." Witnesses:

JOHN TUDOR GARDINER, GEORGE O. G. CoALE.

